calc

Provide tools for unit-aware, meteorological calculations.

Dry Thermodynamics

add_height_to_pressure(pressure, height)

Calculate the pressure at a certain height above another pressure level.

add_pressure_to_height(height, pressure)

Calculate the height at a certain pressure above another height.

density(pressure, temperature, mixing[, …])

Calculate density.

dry_lapse(pressure, temperature[, ref_pressure])

Calculate the temperature at a level assuming only dry processes.

dry_static_energy(heights, temperature)

Calculate the dry static energy of parcels.

geopotential_to_height(geopot)

Compute height from a given geopotential.

height_to_geopotential(height)

Compute geopotential for a given height.

mean_pressure_weighted(pressure, *args, **kwargs)

Calculate pressure-weighted mean of an arbitrary variable through a layer.

potential_temperature(pressure, temperature)

Calculate the potential temperature.

sigma_to_pressure(sigma, psfc, ptop)

Calculate pressure from sigma values.

static_stability(pressure, temperature[, axis])

Calculate the static stability within a vertical profile.

temperature_from_potential_temperature(…)

Calculate the temperature from a given potential temperature.

thickness_hydrostatic(pressure, temperature, …)

Calculate the thickness of a layer via the hypsometric equation.

Moist Thermodynamics

dewpoint(e)

Calculate the ambient dewpoint given the vapor pressure.

dewpoint_from_specific_humidity(…)

Calculate the dewpoint from specific humidity, temperature, and pressure.

dewpoint_rh(temperature, rh)

Calculate the ambient dewpoint given air temperature and relative humidity.

equivalent_potential_temperature(pressure, …)

Calculate equivalent potential temperature.

mixing_ratio(part_press, tot_press[, …])

Calculate the mixing ratio of a gas.

mixing_ratio_from_relative_humidity(…)

Calculate the mixing ratio from relative humidity, temperature, and pressure.

mixing_ratio_from_specific_humidity(…)

Calculate the mixing ratio from specific humidity.

moist_lapse(pressure, temperature[, …])

Calculate the temperature at a level assuming liquid saturation processes.

moist_static_energy(heights, temperature, …)

Calculate the moist static energy of parcels.

precipitable_water(dewpt, pressure[, …])

Calculate precipitable water through the depth of a sounding.

psychrometric_vapor_pressure_wet(…[, …])

Calculate the vapor pressure with wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.

relative_humidity_from_dewpoint(temperature, …)

Calculate the relative humidity.

relative_humidity_from_mixing_ratio(…)

Calculate the relative humidity from mixing ratio, temperature, and pressure.

relative_humidity_from_specific_humidity(…)

Calculate the relative humidity from specific humidity, temperature, and pressure.

relative_humidity_wet_psychrometric(…)

Calculate the relative humidity with wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.

saturation_equivalent_potential_temperature(…)

Calculate saturation equivalent potential temperature.

saturation_mixing_ratio(tot_press, temperature)

Calculate the saturation mixing ratio of water vapor.

saturation_vapor_pressure(temperature)

Calculate the saturation water vapor (partial) pressure.

specific_humidity_from_dewpoint(dewpoint, …)

Calculate the specific humidity from the dewpoint temperature and pressure.

specific_humidity_from_mixing_ratio(mixing_ratio)

Calculate the specific humidity from the mixing ratio.

thickness_hydrostatic_from_relative_humidity(…)

Calculate the thickness of a layer given pressure, temperature and relative humidity.

vapor_pressure(pressure, mixing)

Calculate water vapor (partial) pressure.

vertical_velocity(omega, pressure, temperature)

Calculate w from omega assuming hydrostatic conditions.

vertical_velocity_pressure(w, pressure, …)

Calculate omega from w assuming hydrostatic conditions.

virtual_potential_temperature(pressure, …)

Calculate virtual potential temperature.

virtual_temperature(temperature, mixing[, …])

Calculate virtual temperature.

wet_bulb_temperature(pressure, temperature, …)

Calculate the wet-bulb temperature using Normand’s rule.

Soundings

bulk_shear(pressure, u, v[, heights, …])

Calculate bulk shear through a layer.

bunkers_storm_motion(pressure, u, v, heights)

Calculate the Bunkers right-mover and left-mover storm motions and sfc-6km mean flow.

cape_cin(pressure, temperature, dewpt, …)

Calculate CAPE and CIN.

critical_angle(pressure, u, v, heights, …)

Calculate the critical angle.

el(pressure, temperature, dewpt[, …])

Calculate the equilibrium level.

lcl(pressure, temperature, dewpt[, …])

Calculate the lifted condensation level (LCL) using from the starting point.

lfc(pressure, temperature, dewpt[, …])

Calculate the level of free convection (LFC).

mixed_layer(p, *args, **kwargs)

Mix variable(s) over a layer, yielding a mass-weighted average.

mixed_parcel(p, temperature, dewpt[, …])

Calculate the properties of a parcel mixed from a layer.

most_unstable_cape_cin(pressure, …)

Calculate most unstable CAPE/CIN.

most_unstable_parcel(pressure, temperature, …)

Determine the most unstable parcel in a layer.

parcel_profile(pressure, temperature, dewpt)

Calculate the profile a parcel takes through the atmosphere.

parcel_profile_with_lcl(pressure, …)

Calculate the profile a parcel takes through the atmosphere.

significant_tornado(sbcape, …)

Calculate the significant tornado parameter (fixed layer).

storm_relative_helicity(u, v, heights, depth)

Calculate storm relative helicity.

supercell_composite(mucape, …)

Calculate the supercell composite parameter.

surface_based_cape_cin(pressure, …)

Calculate surface-based CAPE and CIN.

Dynamic/Kinematic

absolute_momentum(u_wind, v_wind[, index])

Calculate cross-sectional absolute momentum (also called pseudoangular momentum).

absolute_vorticity(u, v, dx, dy, lats[, …])

Calculate the absolute vorticity of the horizontal wind.

advection(scalar, wind, deltas)

Calculate the advection of a scalar field by the wind.

ageostrophic_wind(heights, f, dx, dy, u, v)

Calculate the ageostrophic wind given from the heights or geopotential.

coriolis_parameter(latitude)

Calculate the coriolis parameter at each point.

divergence(u, v, dx, dy)

Calculate the horizontal divergence of a vector.

exner_function(pressure[, reference_pressure])

Calculate the Exner function.

frontogenesis(thta, u, v, dx, dy[, dim_order])

Calculate the 2D kinematic frontogenesis of a temperature field.

geostrophic_wind(heights, f, dx, dy)

Calculate the geostrophic wind given from the heights or geopotential.

inertial_advective_wind(u, v, u_geostrophic, …)

Calculate the inertial advective wind.

kinematic_flux(vel, b[, perturbation, axis])

Compute the kinematic flux from two time series.

montgomery_streamfunction(height, temperature)

Compute the Montgomery Streamfunction on isentropic surfaces.

potential_vorticity_baroclinic(…)

Calculate the baroclinic potential vorticity.

potential_vorticity_barotropic(heights, u, …)

Calculate the barotropic (Rossby) potential vorticity.

q_vector(u, v, temperature, pressure, dx, dy)

Calculate Q-vector at a given pressure level using the u, v winds and temperature.

shearing_deformation(u, v, dx, dy)

Calculate the shearing deformation of the horizontal wind.

stretching_deformation(u, v, dx, dy)

Calculate the stretching deformation of the horizontal wind.

total_deformation(u, v, dx, dy)

Calculate the horizontal total deformation of the horizontal wind.

vorticity(u, v, dx, dy)

Calculate the vertical vorticity of the horizontal wind.

wind_components(speed, wdir)

Calculate the U, V wind vector components from the speed and direction.

wind_direction(u, v[, convention])

Compute the wind direction from u and v-components.

wind_speed(u, v)

Compute the wind speed from u and v-components.

Boundary Layer/Turbulence

brunt_vaisala_frequency(heights, …[, axis])

Calculate the Brunt-Vaisala frequency.

brunt_vaisala_frequency_squared(heights, …)

Calculate the square of the Brunt-Vaisala frequency.

brunt_vaisala_period(heights, …[, axis])

Calculate the Brunt-Vaisala period.

friction_velocity(u, w[, v, perturbation, axis])

Compute the friction velocity from the time series of velocity components.

tke(u, v, w[, perturbation, axis])

Compute turbulence kinetic energy.

Mathematical Functions

cross_section_components(data_x, data_y[, index])

Obtain the tangential and normal components of a cross-section of a vector field.

first_derivative(f, **kwargs)

Calculate the first derivative of a grid of values.

gradient(f, **kwargs)

Calculate the gradient of a grid of values.

grid_deltas_from_dataarray(f)

Calculate the horizontal deltas between grid points of a DataArray.

laplacian(f, **kwargs)

Calculate the laplacian of a grid of values.

lat_lon_grid_deltas(longitude, latitude, …)

Calculate the delta between grid points that are in a latitude/longitude format.

normal_component(data_x, data_y[, index])

Obtain the normal component of a cross-section of a vector field.

second_derivative(f, **kwargs)

Calculate the second derivative of a grid of values.

tangential_component(data_x, data_y[, index])

Obtain the tangential component of a cross-section of a vector field.

unit_vectors_from_cross_section(cross[, index])

Calculate the unit tanget and unit normal vectors from a cross-section.

Apparent Temperature

apparent_temperature(temperature, rh, speed)

Calculate the current apparent temperature.

heat_index(temperature, rh[, mask_undefined])

Calculate the Heat Index from the current temperature and relative humidity.

windchill(temperature, speed[, …])

Calculate the Wind Chill Temperature Index (WCTI).

Standard Atmosphere

altimeter_to_sea_level_pressure(…)

Convert the altimeter setting to sea-level pressure.

altimeter_to_station_pressure(…)

Convert the altimeter measurement to station pressure.

height_to_pressure_std(height)

Convert height data to pressures using the U.S.

pressure_to_height_std(pressure)

Convert pressure data to heights using the U.S.

Other

angle_to_direction(input_angle[, full, level])

Convert the meteorological angle to directional text.

find_bounding_indices(arr, values, axis[, …])

Find the indices surrounding the values within arr along axis.

find_intersections(x, a, b[, direction, log_x])

Calculate the best estimate of intersection.

get_layer(pressure, *args, **kwargs)

Return an atmospheric layer from upper air data with the requested bottom and depth.

get_layer_heights(heights, depth, *args, …)

Return an atmospheric layer from upper air data with the requested bottom and depth.

get_perturbation(ts[, axis])

Compute the perturbation from the mean of a time series.

isentropic_interpolation(theta_levels, …)

Interpolate data in isobaric coordinates to isentropic coordinates.

nearest_intersection_idx(a, b)

Determine the index of the point just before two lines with common x values.

parse_angle(input_dir)

Calculate the meteorological angle from directional text.

reduce_point_density(points, radius[, priority])

Return a mask to reduce the density of points in irregularly-spaced data.

resample_nn_1d(a, centers)

Return one-dimensional nearest-neighbor indexes based on user-specified centers.

smooth_gaussian(scalar_grid, n)

Filter with normal distribution of weights.

smooth_n_point(scalar_grid[, n, passes])

Filter with normal distribution of weights.

Deprecated

Do not use these functions in new code, please see their documentation for their replacements.

get_wind_components(u, v)

Calculate the U, V wind vector components from the speed and direction.

get_wind_dir(u, v)

Compute the wind direction from u and v-components.

get_wind_speed(u, v)

Compute the wind speed from u and v-components.

interp(x, xp, *args, **kwargs)

Interpolates data with any shape over a specified axis.

interpolate_nans(x, y[, kind])

Interpolate NaN values in y.

log_interp(x, xp, *args, **kwargs)

Interpolates data with logarithmic x-scale over a specified axis.